The volume of remittances hit the headlines last week on the BBC and One World websites. The BBC reported that remittances to Latin America are now $62bn, more than aid and foreign direct investment combined.
This figure has attracted the interest of development policymakers. How, they ask, can remittances be harnessed as an effective development tool? The answer is as yet unknown. What we do know is that the majority of migrants send home small amounts, around $100 to $150 a month. Charges are incurred per transaction meaning remittances are big business. One current line of inquiry is what governments in developed countries can do to stimulate competition among companies that send migrants’ money. Another is how to assist developing countries to improve confidence in and access to the banking sector so that money flows through official channels.
However, governments could go further. In the UK, the Transport and General Workers Union runs the Justice for Cleaners campaign “campaigning for a London living wage for all City cleaners as well as sick pay, a pension, 20 days holidays plus bank holidays, and for cleaners to be treated with decency and respect”. If remittances really are seen as a serious item in the development toolbox, then developed countries need to be serious about fair wages for migrants and reducing/regulating the cost of sending money. Of course, for the UK Government this would imply a bold statement on migration in an often fraught and emotive debate.
Change is needed in more than just the UK. Undeniably, it would be changes in US laws and policies that would have the biggest impact for the Latin American migrants as this is where the largest number migrate to.
In terms of research, little is known about the economic and social impacts in Latin American countries. What will be the effect of so many people of working age migrating? Will this affect how attractive the region is to foreign direct investment if it cannot offer a skilled work force? Are remittances increasing inequality? Is inequality becoming more visible in villages and towns as those with relatives abroad build bigger houses and buy more luxury goods? What is the impact on children whose parents both migrate? What is the impact of increasing wealth but decreasing parental guidance and control? Are increasing remittances masking under-investment in education and health systems which require government coordination? Post your thoughts on these and other issues by commenting below.
Further information
Details of ODI research on migration
ODI Opinion ‘From Brain Drain to Brain Gain: How the WTO can make Migration a Win-Win’ by Dirk Willem te Velde and Sven Grimm
Livelihoods Connect research on migration


